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The major purpose of "Stonewall" Jackson's Headquarters, which was built in 1854 and is now registered with the Virginia and the National Historic Landmarks, is not only the preservation of a fine example of a Hudson River Gothic Revival style house, but also the interpretation of the well-documented Jackson Campaign early in the Civil War in the Shenandoah Valley.

The house was built in 1854 by William McP. Fuller on land that was a part of a five-acre outlot numbered 52 as defined in the John Baylis plot of Winchester in 1752. On April 1, 1856, Fuller sold his "cottage" to Lewis T. Moore, who was a Lt. Colonel in the Fourth Virginia Volunteers during the Civil War.

Thomas Jonathan Jackson spent the winter of 1861-1862 in Winchester known as the gateway to the Shenandoah Valley. That winter, Lt. Col. Moore invited Jackson to use his house as headquarters.

The museum has on display Jackson's personal prayer table, initialed prayer book, and many other interesting artifacts. Jackson described the room he used as his office in a letter to his wife, and wrote that the walls were "papered with elegant gilt paper". A remnant of the wallpaper was found and today a reproduction is on the walls in Jackson's office for visitors to enjoy.

The museum is interpreted to honor the memory of General Jackson's military genius as Robert E. Lee's most valuable officer. His sincerity and valor moved men's spirits to follow him against any odds. General Jackson's office is essentially the same as when he used it, so it does preserve the essence of his surroundings at that time.